授權變更和限制

只有特定 OS 授權可附加、移除或更換。以下使用案例支援 Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)、RHEL for SAP、SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES)、SLES for SAP、Ubuntu、Ubuntu Pro 和 Windows Server 的授權變更:

  • 在 RHEL、RHEL for SAP、SLES 和 SLES for SAP 的 BYOS 和即付即用結帳模式之間切換
  • 將 Windows Server BYOL 執行個體改為使用「即付即用」計費
  • 從 Ubuntu 直接升級至 Ubuntu Pro
  • 新增或移除 RHEL ELS 加購授權

授權擁有者可以變更特定授權的有效授權變更。變更授權前,請先確認目標授權變更有效。本指南說明如何找出特定授權的現行有效授權變更。並說明變更授權的相關限制。

事前準備

  • 如果尚未設定驗證,請先完成設定。 驗證可確認您的身分,以便存取 Google Cloud 服務和 API。如要從本機開發環境執行程式碼或範例,請選取下列其中一個選項,向 Compute Engine 進行驗證:

    選取這個頁面上的分頁,瞭解如何使用範例:

    控制台

    使用 Google Cloud 控制台存取 Google Cloud 服務和 API 時,無須設定驗證。

    gcloud

    1. 安裝 Google Cloud CLI。 完成後,執行下列指令來初始化 Google Cloud CLI:

      gcloud init

      若您採用的是外部識別資訊提供者 (IdP),請先使用聯合身分登入 gcloud CLI

  • 設定預設地區和區域

準備更新磁碟授權

如要在磁碟附加至執行中的執行個體時更新磁碟授權,請先停止執行個體或卸離磁碟。

  • 停止執行個體。更新磁碟授權前,系統會暫時關閉執行個體。
  • 卸離磁碟。這樣一來,系統會在更新磁碟授權前,先將磁碟從執行個體卸離。

查看授權資訊

在 Cloud Shell 中執行下列指令。將 LICENSE_URL 替換為要調查的授權。如需常見授權網址的清單,請參閱「授權參考資料」表格。

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" -H "Content-Type: application/json" LICENSE_URL

舉例來說,如要檢查 RHEL 7 PAYG 授權:

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-7-server

輸出結果會與下列內容相似:

{
  "kind": "compute#license",
  "name": "rhel-7-server",
  "chargesUseFee": true,
  "id": "6080198135500386054",
  "licenseCode": "1000006",
  "creationTimestamp": "2013-08-19T17:17:57.000-07:00",
  "description": "RedHat Enterprise Linux 7",
  "transferable": true,
  "selfLink": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-7-server",
  "selfLinkWithId": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/6080198135500386054",
  "appendableToDisk": true,
  "removableFromDisk": false,
  "allowedReplacementLicenses": [
    "1492188837615955530",
    "8475125252192923229",
    "601259152637613565",
    "489291035512960571",
    "1270685562947480748"
  ],
  "osLicense": false,
  "soleTenantOnly": false,
  "multiTenantOnly": false,
  "minimumRetention": {
    "seconds": "0",
    "nanos": 0
  },
  "updateTimestamp": ""
}

回應會列出下列重要欄位:

  • removableFromDisk:如果為 true,授權可以從磁碟中移除。如果為「false」,您必須先更換為有效授權,才能移除授權。
  • allowedReplacementLicenses:這是可做為有效替代項目的授權清單。如要瞭解授權代碼對應的授權,請參閱授權參考資料
  • minimumRetention:授權在 VM 上必須存在的最短時間,之後才能套用其他授權變更。

範例:將 RHEL 7 PAYG 替換為 RHEL 8 PAYG

如要將 RHEL 7 PAYG 授權替換為 RHEL 8 PAYG 授權,請使用下列資訊找出 RHEL 8 PAYG 的授權代碼和授權網址:

授權名稱 授權碼 授權網址
RHEL 8 PAYG 601259152637613565 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-8-server

由於 RHEL 8 PAYG 的授權碼 (601259152637613565) 列於 RHEL 7 PAYG 的 allowedReplacementLicenses 下方,這表示可以更換有效授權。

如要更換授權,請使用下列指令:

  gcloud compute disks update DISK_NAME
      --replace-license=projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-7-server,projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-8-server
      --zone=DISK_ZONE

授權參考資料

下表列出 RHEL、SLES、Ubuntu、Ubuntu Pro 和 Windows Server 的授權參考資料。

RHEL 授權資訊

授權名稱 授權碼 授權網址
RHEL 6 PAYG 1000002 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-6-server
RHEL 7 PAYG 1000006 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-7-server
RHEL 7 ELS 4646774207868449156 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-7-els
RHEL 8 PAYG 601259152637613565 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-8-server
RHEL 9 PAYG 7883559014960410759 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-9-server
RHEL 10 PAYG 1368031684811063353 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-10-server
RHEL 6 BYOS 4720191914037931587 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-6-byos
RHEL 7 BYOS 1492188837615955530 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-7-byos
RHEL 8 BYOS 8475125252192923229 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-8-byos
RHEL 9 BYOS 3837518230911135854 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-9-byos
RHEL 10 BYOS 4907394077439590422 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-10-byos
RHEL 8 for SAP PAYG 1270685562947480748 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-sap-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-8-sap
RHEL 9 for SAP PAYG 8291906032809750558 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-sap-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-9-sap
RHEL 10 for SAP PAYG 5231023367886504429 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-sap-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-10-sap
RHEL 8 for SAP BYOS 489291035512960571 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-sap-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-8-sap-byos
RHEL 9 for SAP BYOS 6753525580035552782 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-sap-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-9-sap-byos
RHEL 10 for SAP BYOS 4412948736425361424 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-sap-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-10-sap-byos

SLES 授權資訊

授權名稱 授權碼 授權網址
SLES 11 PAYG 1000004 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-cloud/global/licenses/sles-11
SLES 12 PAYG 1000008 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-cloud/global/licenses/sles-12
SLES 15 PAYG 5422776498422280384 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-cloud/global/licenses/sles-15
SLES 11 BYOS 3562683225507985416 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-byos-cloud/global/licenses/sles-11-byos
SLES 12 BYOS 5995918435054614609 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-byos-cloud/global/licenses/sles-12-byos
SLES 15 BYOS 7429287564402499183 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-byos-cloud/global/licenses/sles-15-byos
SLES 12 for SAP PAYG 4079932016749305610 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-sap-cloud/global/licenses/sles-sap-12
SLES 15 for SAP PAYG 4764125400812555962 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-sap-cloud/global/licenses/sles-sap-15
SLES 12 for SAP BYOS 7194268483061119118 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-byos-cloud/global/licenses/sles-sap-12-byos
SLES 15 for SAP BYOS 6035015651111738499 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-byos-cloud/global/licenses/sles-sap-15-byos

Ubuntu 和 Ubuntu Pro 授權資訊

授權名稱 授權碼 授權網址
Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) 1000201 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-1604-xenial
Ubuntu Pro 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) 8045211386737108299 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-pro-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-pro-1604-lts
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) 5926592092274602096 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-1804-lts
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) 6022427724719891830 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-pro-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-pro-1804-lts
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) 2211838267635035815 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-2004-lts
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) 599959289349842382 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-pro-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-pro-2004-lts
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) 5511465778777431107 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-2204-lts
Ubuntu Pro 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) 2592866803419978320 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-pro-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-pro-2204-lts
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) 3242930272766215801 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-2404-lts
Ubuntu Pro 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) 2176054482269786025 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-pro-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-pro-2404-lts

Windows Server 授權資訊

授權名稱 授權碼 授權網址
Windows Server 2008 R2 BYOL 4551215591257167608 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2008-r2-byol
Windows Server 2008 R2 PAYG 1000000 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2008-r2-dc
Windows Server 2012 BYOL 5559842820536817947 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2012-byol
Windows Server 2012 即付即用 1000015 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2012-dc
Windows Server 2012 R2 BYOL 6738952703547430631 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2012-r2-byol
Windows Server 2012 R2 PAYG 1000017 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2012-r2-dc
Windows Server 2016 BYOL 4322823184804632846 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2016-byol
Windows Server 2016 PAYG 1000213 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2016-dc
Windows Server 2019 BYOL 6532438499690676691 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2019-byol
Windows Server 2019 PAYG 3389558045860892917 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2019-dc
Windows Server 2022 BYOL 2808834792899686364 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2022-byol
Windows Server 2022 PAYG 4079807029871201927 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2022-dc
Windows Server 2025 BYOL 6621875542391421291 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2025-byol
Windows Server 2025 PAYG 7142647615590922601 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/licenses/windows-server-2025-dc