借助 Agent Runtime，您可以使用 Agent2Agent (A2A) 协议开发和部署代理。A2A 是一种开放标准，旨在让 AI 代理之间实现无缝通信和协作。
本文档介绍了如何在本地开发和测试 A2A 智能体，包括定义 AgentCard 和 AgentExecutor 等组件。
如需详细了解如何管理已部署的代理，请参阅管理已部署的代理。
核心工作流涉及以下步骤：
定义智能体组件
如需创建 A2A 智能体，您需要定义以下组件：AgentCard、AgentExecutor 和 ADK LlmAgent。
AgentCard包含一个描述智能体功能的元数据文档。AgentCard就像一张商家名片，其他智能体可以使用它来了解您的智能体可以做什么。如需了解详情，请参阅智能体卡片规范。AgentExecutor包含智能体的核心逻辑，并定义了智能体如何处理任务。您可以用该组件实现智能体的行为。如需详细了解，请参阅 A2A 协议规范。- 可选：
LlmAgent定义 ADK 智能体，包括其系统指令、生成式模型和工具。
定义 AgentCard
以下代码示例为一个货币汇率智能体定义了 AgentCard：
from a2a.types import AgentCard, AgentSkill
from vertexai.agent_engines.templates.a2a import create_agent_card
# Define the skill for the CurrencyAgent
currency_skill = AgentSkill(
id='get_exchange_rate',
name='Get Currency Exchange Rate',
description='Retrieves the exchange rate between two currencies on a specified date.',
tags=['Finance', 'Currency', 'Exchange Rate'],
examples=[
'What is the exchange rate from USD to EUR?',
'How many Japanese Yen is 1 US dollar worth today?',
],
)
# Create the agent card using the utility function
agent_card = create_agent_card(
agent_name='Currency Exchange Agent',
description='An agent that can provide currency exchange rates',
skills=[currency_skill]
)
定义 AgentExecutor
以下代码示例定义了一个 AgentExecutor，用于在回答中提供货币汇率。它接受 CurrencyAgent 实例并初始化 ADK 运行程序以执行请求。
import requests
from a2a.server.agent_execution.agent_executor import AgentExecutor
from a2a.server.agent_execution.context import RequestContext
from a2a.server.events.event_queue import EventQueue
from a2a.server.tasks import TaskUpdater
from a2a import types as a2a_types
from a2a.types import Part
from google.adk import Runner
from google.adk.agents import LlmAgent
from google.adk.artifacts.in_memory_artifact_service import InMemoryArtifactService
from google.adk.memory.in_memory_memory_service import InMemoryMemoryService
from google.adk.sessions.in_memory_session_service import InMemorySessionService
from google.genai import types as genai_types
class CurrencyAgentExecutorWithRunner(AgentExecutor):
"""Executor that takes an LlmAgent instance and initializes the ADK Runner internally."""
def __init__(self, agent: LlmAgent):
self.agent = agent
self.runner = None
def _init_adk(self):
if not self.runner:
self.runner = Runner(
app_name=self.agent.name,
agent=self.agent,
artifact_service=InMemoryArtifactService(),
session_service=InMemorySessionService(),
memory_service=InMemoryMemoryService(),
)
async def cancel(self, context: RequestContext, event_queue: EventQueue) -> None:
task_id = context.task_id
updater = TaskUpdater(
event_queue=event_queue,
task_id=task_id or "",
context_id=context.context_id or "",
)
await updater.cancel()
async def execute(
self,
context: RequestContext,
event_queue: EventQueue,
) -> None:
self._init_adk() # Initialize on first execute call
if not context.message:
return
user_id = context.message.metadata.get('user_id') if context.message and context.message.metadata else 'a2a_user'
updater = TaskUpdater(event_queue, context.task_id, context.context_id)
task = a2a_types.Task(
id=context.task_id,
context_id=context.context_id,
status=a2a_types.TaskStatus(state=a2a_types.TaskState.TASK_STATE_SUBMITTED),
history=[context.message] if context.message else [],
)
await event_queue.enqueue_event(task)
await updater.start_work()
query = context.get_user_input()
content = genai_types.Content(role='user', parts=[genai_types.Part.from_text(text=query)])
try:
session = await self.runner.session_service.get_session(
app_name=self.runner.app_name,
user_id=user_id,
session_id=context.context_id,
) or await self.runner.session_service.create_session(
app_name=self.runner.app_name,
user_id=user_id,
session_id=context.context_id,
)
final_event = None
async for event in self.runner.run_async(
session_id=session.id,
user_id=user_id,
new_message=content
):
if event.is_final_response():
final_event = event
if final_event and final_event.content and final_event.content.parts:
response_text = "".join(
part.text for part in final_event.content.parts if hasattr(part, 'text') and part.text
)
if response_text:
await updater.add_artifact(
[Part(text=response_text)],
name='result',
last_chunk=True,
)
await updater.complete()
return
await updater.update_status(
a2a_types.TaskState.TASK_STATE_FAILED,
message=updater.new_agent_message([Part(text='Failed to generate a final response with text content.')]),
)
except Exception as e:
await updater.update_status(
a2a_types.TaskState.TASK_STATE_FAILED,
message=updater.new_agent_message([Part(text=f"An error occurred: {str(e)}")]),
)
定义 LlmAgent
首先，为 LlmAgent 定义要使用的货币汇率工具：
def get_exchange_rate(
currency_from: str = "USD",
currency_to: str = "EUR",
currency_date: str = "latest",
):
"""Retrieves the exchange rate between two currencies on a specified date.
Uses the Frankfurter API (https://api.frankfurter.app/) to obtain
exchange rate data.
"""
try:
response = requests.get(
f"https://api.frankfurter.app/{currency_date}",
params={"from": currency_from, "to": currency_to},
)
response.raise_for_status()
return response.json()
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
return {"error": str(e)}
然后，定义使用该工具的 ADK LlmAgent。
my_llm_agent = LlmAgent(
model='gemini-2.0-flash',
name='currency_exchange_agent',
description='An agent that can provide currency exchange rates.',
instruction="""You are a helpful currency exchange assistant.
Use the get_exchange_rate tool to answer user questions.
If the tool returns an error, inform the user about the error.""",
tools=[get_exchange_rate],
)
创建本地智能体
定义智能体的组件后，创建一个使用 AgentCard、AgentExecutor 和 LlmAgent 的 A2aAgent 类实例，以开始本地测试。
from vertexai.agent_engines.templates.a2a import A2aAgent
a2a_agent = A2aAgent(
agent_card=agent_card, # Assuming agent_card is defined
agent_executor_builder=lambda: CurrencyAgentExecutorWithRunner(
agent=my_llm_agent,
)
)
a2a_agent.set_up()
A2A 智能体模板可帮助您创建符合 A2A 标准的服务。该服务充当封装容器，可为您抽象出转换层。
测试本地智能体
该货币汇率智能体支持以下三种方法：
handle_authenticated_agent_cardon_message_sendon_get_task
测试 handle_authenticated_agent_card
以下代码会检索智能体经过身份验证的卡片，其中描述了智能体的功能。
# Test the `authenticated_agent_card` endpoint.
response_get_card = await a2a_agent.handle_authenticated_agent_card(request=None, context=None)
print(response_get_card)
测试 on_message_send
以下代码会模拟客户向智能体发送新消息。A2aAgent 可创建新任务并返回任务的 ID。
from a2a.types import SendMessageRequest, Message, Part
from a2a.server.context import ServerCallContext
# 1. Define the message
message = Message(
role="ROLE_USER",
message_id="local-test-message-id",
parts=[Part(text="What is the exchange rate from USD to EUR today?")]
)
# 2. Construct the request
request = SendMessageRequest(message=message)
# 3. Construct context
context = ServerCallContext()
# 4. Call the agent
send_message_response = await a2a_agent.on_message_send(request=request, context=context)
print(send_message_response)
测试 on_get_task
以下代码会检索任务的状态和结果。输出显示任务已完成，并包含“Hello World”响应制品。
from a2a.types import GetTaskRequest
# 1. Provide the task_id from the previous step.
# In a real application, you would store and retrieve this ID.
task_id_to_get = send_message_response.id
# 2. Construct the request
request = GetTaskRequest(id=task_id_to_get)
# 3. Call the agent's handler to get the task status.
# Reusing the context constructed in the previous step
task_status_response = await a2a_agent.on_get_task(request=request, context=context)
print(f"Successfully retrieved status for Task ID: {task_id_to_get}")
print("\nFull task status response:")
print(task_status_response)